Nanostructuring materials allows to optimize their properties, by exploiting size effects. We created nanopatterns that act as surface cues, affecting cell behavior. Chemical oxidation creates nanoscale topographies, that improve biocompatibility. Our treatment provides a differential signal, inhibiting fibroblast proliferation while promoting osteoblast growth in vitro. Related strategies for tissue regeneration and repair are also discussed [1-4]. Improving antibacterial properties using laser/plasma strategies and growing graphene oxide coatings will be discussed [5-7]. Finally, sensing and therapeutic approaches can be harnessed by exploiting the optical properties of nanocrystals, including Quantum Dots and upconverting nanoparticles [8-13].